英語單選中“陷阱題”的設置方法及對策

陳景俊

隨著高考命題的日趨成熟，出題者越來越多地把考點蘊涵在更復雜、更高級、更難識別的語境中，或使有些題目看起來似曾相識，輕而易舉就可選出“正確答案”，結果卻往往出錯。這些題目就是常說的“陷阱題”。要答好這類題，同學們不僅要有扎實的基礎知識，還要具備一些識別“陷阱”的能力。本文將結合近幾年高考題及各地模擬題來揭示形形色色的“陷阱”并提出應對策略。

一、利用思維定勢設“陷阱”

應對措施：弄清結構和句意。

1. The cause hehad devoted himself __________________a perfect success.

A. to proved B. proved

C. to prove D. to proving

2. Please tell me the way you thought of__________________the garden.

A. take care of B. to take care of

C. taking care of D. how to take care of

答案：AB

解析：利用思維定勢設“陷阱”是出題者最常見的方法，所設題數(shù)最多， 也是學生最易失分之處， 因此要格外當心。遇到這種情況，既要分析句子結構，又要出題者想要表達的意思， 選好答案后不妨翻譯一下，看句意是否符合情理和邏輯。第 1題中，一看到devoted himself, 同學就很容易聯(lián)想到devote oneself to sth. / doing 結構并造成誤選D，其實devote oneself to的賓語是the cause, proved 為句子的謂語，句意為“他所投身的事業(yè)后來證明很成功”。第2題中，同學容易把所缺部分理解為of 的賓語而誤選C， 實際上of的賓語為the way。you thought of 和to take care of the garden是way 的兩個定語。句意為“請告訴我你想出來的照管花園的辦法?！?/p>

二、利用冗余成分設“陷阱”

應對措施：忽略或跳讀冗余成分。

1. —Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?

—Sorry, Im a stranger here myself. Youare supposed to ask, Im afraid, ______________is a native.

A. someone B. whoever

C. who D. whomever

2. The Internet gives people the chance to have information they need __________________to themquickly and cheaply.

A. to deliver B. deliver

C. delivering D. delivered

答案： BD

解析：出題者往往通過插入一些結構來加長題干，從而增加試題的難度，干擾學生對試題主干的把握。所加入的結構多為一些定語或插入語如I think, I believe, I suppose, Im afraid等。解答這類題的關鍵是分析句子結構，找出冗余成分，將冗余成分的前后兩部分連起來，這樣就可以清晰地看出句子的主干。第1題 中插入了Im afraid，句子的主干是Youre supposed to ask whoever is a native.。第2句 中不定式部分加入了定語從句they need, 不定式部分的主干為have sth. done 結構。

三、 利用省略設 “陷阱”

應對措施： 補全殘缺的句子結構。

1. —What do you think made Celia so happy?

— _____________a prize in the recent competition.

A. As she won B. Won

C. Winning D. Because of winning

2. —What should I do for our trip?

— __________________ some food and fruit.

A. Prepare B. To prepare

C. Preparing D. Prepared

答案: C A

解析: 解這類題的關鍵是把省略的部分補充出來。第1題A、D項都有一定的干擾性, 但如果把答語補全, 答案就顯而易見了(I think winning a prize in the competition made her so happy.)。第2題補全句子結構為you should prepare some food and fruit.。

四、利用英漢差異設 “陷阱”

應對措施：排除母語干擾， “入鄉(xiāng)”要“隨俗”。

1. —You have given us a wonderful Chinesedinner, Mrs. Wang.

—__________________.

A. Oh, Im afraid I didnt cook very well

B. Im glad you enjoyed it

C. Come again when youre free

D. Its not necessary to say so

2. —Do remember to charge the battery for 12hours when you first use it.

— ________________

A. Thank you. I remember.

B. What for?

C. Up to you.

D. Got it.

答案: BD

解析: 這類題往往以交際用語的形式來考查, 因此要熟知英語中的一些日常交際用語, 要拋棄母語的干擾，要用英語的思維去思考。如 第1題中對別人的稱贊要表示感謝, 而不能像A、C、D項一樣用一些中國式的客套。第2題中，表示“明白了，記住了”要說 got it，而不說I remember。

五、 利用連詞設 “陷阱”

應對措施：初步確定答案，分析其前后是否是連詞所表述的關系。

1. —How often do you eat out?

— _______________ , but usually once a week.

A. Have no idea

B. It depends

C. As uaual

D. Generally speaking

2. ________________ , I think, and the problem could besettled.

A. So long as you keep up your spirits

B. A bit more effort

C. If you double your effort

D. Making great efforts

答案: BB

解析：句中連詞直接表明了前后兩個句子間的相互關系， 其中以but和and最為常見， 有無上述連詞直接影響著選擇哪一個答案。第1題中的關鍵詞是but， 它表明了其前后是轉折關系， “（雖然）視情況而定， 但 通常一周一次”， 如果句中沒有but ,那么答案就將是D，表示“一般說來一周一次”。第2題中的and 是關鍵詞，構成“名詞短語 + and ”結構， 表示條件，如果去掉and，則選A、C項都可， 都構成條件句。

六、利用標點設 “陷阱”

應對措施：謹慎小心，明察秋毫。

1. _____________some of the juice—perhaps you will like it.

A. Trying B. Try

C. To try D. Have tried

2. _______________is known to all, good friends _______________happiness and value to life.

A. It; add to B. It; add

C. As; add D. As; add to

答案： BC

解析： 標點符號有時也會藏有“玄機”，有無標點以及是什么標點都會對句子的結構產(chǎn)生影響， 從而影響所選的答案， 因此在做單選題時要明察秋毫， 不放過任何細節(jié)。破折號后的內(nèi)容通常是對前面的內(nèi)容的解釋或補充說明，主要意思在破折號之前。第一題的破折號之前應是完整的祈使句，因此只能選B。其他選項只能構成非謂語結構而不是句子。第2題中的逗號不可或缺，as 引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，代指逗號后整個句子的內(nèi)容， 如果逗號改為that， 答案就成了B，該句結構就變成了it做形式主語的結構了。

七、利用成分移位設“陷阱”

應對措施：把錯位的結構還原成正常結構。

1. How many years is it ______________your Englishteacher came to work in this school?

A. after B. since

C. before D. until

2. In which school was it ________________ your fatherreceived his high school education?

A. that B. which

C. the one D. where

答案： BA

解析：出題者為增加試題的難度和迷惑性，往往會變動句子的正常順序。這種成分移位現(xiàn)象往往出現(xiàn)在強調(diào)句、特殊疑問句、一般疑問句以及倒裝句中。應對方法是將這些移位的成分復位， 還原出我們更熟悉、更簡單的結構后再做選擇。第1題可以還原為：It is ______________years since your English teacher came to work here in this school.第2題可以還原成It was in which school that your father received his high school education.我們可以更容易地看出這是一個就強調(diào)結構中的被強調(diào)成份進行提問的句子。

八、利用熟詞新意設“陷阱”

應對措施：廣泛閱讀，注意積累。

1. Words ________________ me when I wanted toexpressed my thanks to him. I just held his hands firmly, choking.

A. left B. encouraged

C. reminded D. failed

2. In my opinion, the girl ______________to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an artschool.

A. expects B. hopes

C. wishes D. promises

答案： DD

解析：出題者往往會考查一些常見詞的不太常見的意思，這很容易造成同學們誤選。第1題中就考查了fail的“對……不起作用；幫不了……的忙”之意。 第2 題則考查了promise的“很可能的， 有希望的” 之意。

今后同學們遇到這類“陷阱”題時，既不要“輕易下手”，也不要不知所措。要認真審題，靈活地運用語法規(guī)則，理清思路，發(fā)現(xiàn)“陷阱”，還要多向思維，分析“陷阱”。這樣才能去偽存真，發(fā)現(xiàn)本質，避免落入“陷阱”。

更多練習：

1. Everyone here will thank the firefighters for the things they do to prevent fires ___________________the environment safer.

A. make B. to make

C. made D. from making

2. Has the boy who was made use of _______________ realized his mistakes?

A. stealing B. stolen

C. to steal D. for stealing

3. Which do you enjoy ______________your weekend,swimming or fishing?

A. spending B. being spent

C. spend D. to spend

4. —How long have you been here？

— _____________ the end of last month.

A. In B. By C. At D. Since

5. The village has developed a lot ________________we learned farming years ago.

A. when B. which C. thatD. where

6. —Here is an article Ive just written.

Would you please read through and point out themistakes,__________________ ?

—No problem.

A. if any B. if some

C. if so D. if ever

7. —How would you like your coffee?

— ______________ .

A. It is well done

B. Very nice

C. One cup. Thats enough

D. The stronger, the better

8. During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats, keep our eyes on our work, __________to anyone.

A. and not to speak

B. instead of speaking

C. rather than speak

D. but could not talk

9. If I can help__________________ , I dont like working late into the night.

A. so B. that C. it D. them

10. I think it is your wife rather than you who _______________for your sons bad performance at school.

A. is to blame B. is to be blamed

C. are to blame D. are to be blamed

11. The children and the mother carrying a baby, get on the bus first, _______________?

A. dont you B. dont they

C. will they D. will you

12. —Im not good at singing, you know.

— ______________ . Its just for fun.

A. All right B. No problem

C. Come on D. Cheer up

13. Never ________________time comeagain.

A. has lost B. will lose

C. will lost D. lose

14. The book was written in 1946, _______________ the education system has witnessed great changes.

A. when B. during which

C. since then D. since when

15. Everything he______________away from him before he returned to his hometown.

A. took

B. had been taken

C. had had been taken

D. had taken

16. Before he went abroad， he spent as much time as he ___________ English.

A. could learning B. learned

C. to learn D. could learn

17. You can never imagine what great difficuly I have ______________ your house.

A. found B. finding

C. to find D. for finding

18. The person we referred to_____________ us a report tomorrow.

A. giving B. will give

C. gave D. give

19. The man whose songs we are fond of__________________ in our city next week.

A. singing B. to sing

C. will sing D. sang

20. The research is so designed that once

_____________________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun

C. beginning D. begun

21. Time should be made good use of ______________ our lessons well.

A. learning B. learned

C. to learn D. having learned

22. It was only with the help of the local guide _______________ .

A. was the mountain climber rescued

B. then the mountain climber was rescued

C. when the mountain climber was rescued

D. that the mountain climber was rescued

23. Is this factory ________________ you visited the other day？

A. the one B. that

C. where D. when

24. Was it _____________ she heard with her ears

________________ really made her frightened？

A. what； that B. it; that

C. that； which D. what; 不填

25. Is this hotel_______________ you said we were to stay in your letter？

A. that B. where

C. the one D. in which

26. The professor has written another book，_______________ of great importance to computer science.

A. which I think it is

B. and I think is

C. which I think is

D. when I think is

27. Not far from the club there was a garden，________ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.

A. whose B. itsC. which D. that

28. Thank you for the trouble you have ________to help me.

A. paid B. taken

C. had D. asked

29. —Excuse me, do you have the time?

— ____________ .

A. Yes, I do B. Of course, I have

C. A quarter to ten D. No problem

30.__________ and I will get the work finished.

A. Have one more hour

B. One more hour

C. Given one more hour

D. If I have one more hour

Keys: 1. B2. C3. D4. D5. D6. A7. D8. A9. C10. A11. D12. C13. C14. D15. C16. A17. B 18. B19. C20. D21. C22. D23. A24. A25. B26. C27. B28. B29. C30. B