劉世一
Unit 4
1.You shouldnt worry about what other people are wearing.(P27) 你不應(yīng)該為別人穿什么而擔(dān)心。
(1) 句中的worry about表示“為……而擔(dān)心、擔(dān)憂、著急”。worry用作及物動詞用時(shí),意為“使……煩惱”,“使……擔(dān)憂”,后面的賓語通常是人。例如:
He often worries about the slightest thing.他經(jīng)常為一些雞毛蒜皮的小事發(fā)愁。
The losing of his books worried him for some days.丟書那件事令他煩惱了好幾天。
(2) be worried about也可表示“為……而擔(dān)心、擔(dān)憂、著急”,與worry about不同之處在于,be worried about側(cè)重狀態(tài),worry about側(cè)重動作。例如:
I am worried about my fathers health.(= I worry about my fathers health.) 我為我父親的健康擔(dān)憂。
2.What if everyone else brings a present? (P27) 要是別的人都帶來了禮物,該怎么辦呢?
句中的what if意為“要是……,又怎么樣”,是what would happen if...的省略形式。例如:
What if we should fail? 如果我們失敗了,該怎么辦呢?
What if they didnt come here on time? 要是他們沒有按時(shí)到達(dá),怎么辦呢?
What if it rains when we cant get under shelter? 假若下起雨來,我們又沒處躲雨可怎么辦呢?
3.I get nervous before big parties and then I get pimples.(P28) 在大型晚會前我特別緊張,于是我身上長出小濃皰。
句中兩個(gè)get的用法和意義都有所不同。get既可用作行為動詞,也可用作系動詞。本句中的第一個(gè)get是系動詞,意為“變得”,后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語;第二個(gè)get是及物動詞,意為“長出”。試比較:
The boy is getting taller and taller after he gets this kind of medicine.吃了這種藥后,那個(gè)男孩個(gè)子越來越高了。
I must get some fruit in the market.我得在市場上買點(diǎn)水果。
This skirt is getting dirty;it needs washing.這條短裙臟了,該洗一洗了。
4.I really want a dog,but my parents wont let me have one.(P28) 我真想養(yǎng)一條狗,可是父母不讓養(yǎng)。
動詞let作“讓”解時(shí),后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語用的動詞不定式常省去to。let的同義詞allow后面也可接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語,但是動詞不定式符號to卻不可省去。試比較:
My mother wouldnt let me go to the film.我媽媽不會讓我去看電影的。
Allow me to introduce Miss Mary.請?jiān)试S我介紹一下瑪麗小姐。
My parents allowed me to buy a second-hand car.我的父母允許我買一部二手車。
5.Id wait for her to introduce herself to me.(P29) 我要等她來向我作自我介紹。
(1) 句中wait for her to introduce是詞組wait for sb/sth的延伸。wait for sb/sth意為“等待某人或某事”,而wait for sb to do sth意為“等待某人做某事”。例如:
Danny,there is someone waiting for you outside.丹尼,外面有人在等你。
The family are waiting for you to have dinner.家里人正在等著你吃飯呢。
(2) introduce herself to me意為“(她)向我作自我介紹”。introduce可以用來向人介紹自己,也可以用來向人介紹另一個(gè)人。例如:
May I introduce Mr Wang to you? 我可以把王先生介紹給你嗎?
Let me introduce myself to you.讓我給你作個(gè)自我介紹吧。
6.Social situations dont bother you in the slightest.(P30) 社會活動一點(diǎn)兒也不會影響你。
句中not...in the slightest意為“一點(diǎn)也不”、“根本不”,與not...at all同義。例如:
You are not wrong in the slightest/at all.你一點(diǎn)兒也沒有錯。
She doesnt like eggs in the slightest/at all.她根本不喜歡吃雞蛋。
7.You have plenty of friends,and you enjoy the company of other people.(P30) 你有很多朋友,你也喜歡和別人交往。
句中的plenty of是“許多”的意思,與a lot of,much,many同義。但plenty of和a lot of后可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,much后面只可接不可數(shù)名詞,many后面只可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。試比較:
There are plenty/a lot of books on the desk.桌子上有許多書。
Dont worry.There is plenty/a lot of time.別著急,時(shí)間很充裕。
They have many apples at home.他們家里有很多蘋果。
There isnt much rice in the bowl.碗里沒有多少米飯。
She has a lot of books;but I cant see her reading books.她有許多書,但我卻沒有見她讀書。
8.You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.(P30) 你寧愿意呆在家,讀本好書,也不愿意出去參加聚會。
“would rather...than...”,意為“寧愿……而不愿”,rather與than的后面都可接動詞原形。例如:
They would rather watch TV at home than go out to play soccer.他們寧愿在家看電視也不愿意出去踢球。
He would rather play leisurely than do homework.他寧愿慢悠悠地玩耍也不愿做作業(yè)。
9.What do you think I should tell the rest of the students? (P31) 你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該告訴其他學(xué)生什么?
do you think通常置于疑問詞和句子主語之間,作插入語。例如:
Where do you think we can get this machine? 你認(rèn)為我們能在哪兒搞到這種機(jī)器?
What do you think they are going to do tomorrow? 你看他們明天會有什么活動?
think也常與主語一起用在肯定句中用作插入語。例如:
He was wrong to have done that,she thought.她想,他這樣做是錯誤的。
Its a great mistake,I think,not to accept their proposal.我看,不接受他們的建議是個(gè)大錯誤。
Unit 5
1.It might belong to Alice.She plays the guitar.(P35) 它可能是愛麗絲的。她是彈吉它的。
belong是不及物動詞,后面通常跟介詞to。belong to的主語通常是物;介詞to后面跟人。例如:
These books belong to me.這些書是我的。
Who(m) does this belong to? 這是誰的東西?
Whose car does it belong to? 這是誰的車?
2.I cant find my backpack.(P35) 我找不到背包了。
It cant be Johns.(P35) 它不可能是約翰的。
cant find中的can表示能力,而cant be中的can表示推測。例如:
The hall can hold at least 2,000 people.這個(gè)大廳至少能坐下2,000人。
It cant be Li Ming.He went on a trip yesterday.不可能是李明。昨天他去旅行了。
cant與may not表示推測時(shí)意義有別。cant意為“不可能”,而may not意為“可能不”。試比較:
Danny cant be at home.I saw him in the library just now.丹尼不可能在家。我剛才還在圖書館里見到他。
It seven oclock now.Michael may not come here.現(xiàn)在已七點(diǎn)了。邁克爾可能不會來這兒了。
3.Its much too small for him.(P35) (他穿)太小了。
句中much too意為“太”、“非?!?,用作副詞詞組,修飾形容詞small。too much也可在句中作狀語,但只能修飾動詞。試比較:
Its much too cold today.今天天氣太冷。
The old man walked much too slow.這位老人走得太慢了。
Dont speak too much at the meeting.會上別講得太多。
too much也可用作名詞詞組,在句中作賓語;too much還可在句中用作形容詞詞組,修飾不可數(shù)名詞。much too則不可。例如:
You gave me too much.你給我的太多了。
Is eating too much good or bad for your health? 吃得太多對身體有益還是有害?
4.Its crucial that I study for it because it counts 30 % to the final exam.(P36) 這對我學(xué)習(xí)(這門學(xué)科)很重要,因?yàn)樗计谀┛荚嚨?0%。
(1) 本句是“it is + 形容詞 + that從句/wh-從句”句式,其中it是形式主語,that從句或wh-從句是句子的真正主語。例如:
It is certain that the earth is round.毫無疑問,地球是圓的。
It is necessary that we master at least a foreign language.我們有必要至少掌握一門外語。
5.He might be running to catch a bus.(P37) 他可能正在跑去趕公交車呢。
might be running屬于“情態(tài)動詞 + 行為動詞的進(jìn)行式”結(jié)構(gòu),用來推測某動作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行之中。例如:
He said that his father might be playing chess.他說他父親可能正在下國際象棋。
He must be sleeping at home now.他現(xiàn)在一定正在屋里睡覺呢。
He should be studying in the classroom at this moment.他這個(gè)時(shí)候應(yīng)該是正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。
6.There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.(P38) 肯定有什么東西光顧我們的街坊鄰里了。
本句為“there be...+ doing...”句式,表示V-ing的動作目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行。從語法上講,此句式中的V-ing也可以用動詞不定式替代,即“there be + 主語 + to do”,表示動詞不定式表示的動作將要發(fā)生。試比較:
Theres a man waiting for you outside the office.辦公室外有人在等你。
Theres a girl looking for her mother.有一個(gè)女孩正在找她的母親。
Therere some children to see you.有幾個(gè)孩子要見你。
7.Dont let yesterday use up too much of today.(P39) 過去的就讓它過去了!
本句為否定祈使句。yesterday作動詞let的賓語,use up too much of today是作賓語補(bǔ)足語。在watch,see,look at,hear,listen to,notice,feel,have(使),let,make等動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語用的動詞不定式往往省去to。例如:
Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古為今用,洋為中用。
They often hear Jenny sing this song.他們經(jīng)常聽詹妮唱這首歌。
Unit 6
1.I prefer music that has great lyrics.(P44) 我更喜歡帶有好歌詞的音樂。
prefer意為“寧可,寧愿,更喜歡”,其過去分詞為preferred,現(xiàn)在分詞為preferring。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:
(1) prefer后面??芍苯痈~、名詞、動名詞、動詞不定式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和賓語從句。例如:
I prefer you not to stay here too long.我希望你不要在這兒呆得太久。
We prefer that the meeting should be put off.我們寧愿讓這個(gè)會往后推遲。
注意:prefer后接賓語從句時(shí),從句的謂語動詞為虛擬語氣。
(2) prefer to do sth或prefer doing sth意為“寧愿做某事”,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)特定的或某一次具體的動作,即在一定的場合下寧愿做什么,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性傾向,即“偏愛”某種行為。試比較:
He preferred reading at home on rainy days.下雨天他寧愿在家看書。
I prefer swimming,but I dont prefer to swim now.我喜歡游泳,但我現(xiàn)在不想游。
(3) prefer...to...意為“與……相比,更喜歡……”。to是介詞,其后可跟名詞,也可跟動詞的-ing形式。例如:
Michael preferred dogs to cats.比起貓來,邁克更喜歡狗。
My grandma prefers taking a walk to watching TV.我奶奶寧愿去散步也不愿看電視。
(4) prefer to do sth rather than (to) do sth意為“寧愿……而不愿做某事”,than后面的動詞不定符號to常省去。例如:
I preferred to do this rather than that.我寧愿做這件事,而不愿做那件事。
She preferred to walk there rather than go by car.她寧愿步行去那兒,也不愿坐汽車去。
2.I like music that I can dance to.(P44) 我喜歡能隨之跳舞的音樂。
I like music that I can sing along with.(P44) 我喜歡能伴隨演唱的音樂。
dance to是“跟著……跳舞”的意思,sing (along) with是“伴著……歌唱”。to和with都是介詞,其賓語都是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that。例如:
The cowboys often dance to western or country music at night.牛仔們經(jīng)常在晚上伴隨西部音樂或鄉(xiāng)村音樂跳舞。
Some students like singing with the popular music.有些學(xué)生喜歡和著流行音樂唱歌。
3.The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46) 這音樂使我回憶起巴西的舞曲。
remind sb of sb/sth意為“使人回想起或意識到某人或某事物”。例如:
This reminded me of my days in this school.這使我想起了我在這所學(xué)校里度過的日子。
The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.這部影片使他回想起他在中國所看到的一切。
“remind oneself + 從句”意為“提醒自己……”;remind sb to do sth意為“提醒(某人)注意某事或做某事”;“remind sb + 從句”意為“提醒某人有……”。例如:
He kept on reminding himself that the time was short and the work must be finished in time.他不斷提醒自己,時(shí)間很短,而且工作還必須按時(shí)完成。
Please remind me to get up at six tomorrow.明天六點(diǎn)喚我起床。
Dont forget to remind him that I would be at his home this evening.別忘了提醒他我今晚要到他家去。
4.It does have a few good features,though.(P48) 可是,它的確有一些好的特色。
句中的does用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞have?!癲o/does/did + 動詞原形”通常出現(xiàn)在下列場合:
(1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)感情色彩。本句就是這個(gè)意思。再如:
You do look nice today.你今天看起來真是漂亮。
She does talk a lot,doesnt she? 她的確說得很多,不是嗎?
(2) 加重祈使句的語氣。例如:
Do sit down! 請坐請坐!
5.Whatever you do,dont miss this exhibition.(P48) 不管咋樣,別錯過了展覽。
(1) whatever是由“what + ever”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞,可以用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論……”,與“no matter + what”同義。例如:
No matter what/Whatever you say,well carry on the experiment.不管你怎么說,我們要繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
No matter what/Whatever happens to you,dont open the door.不管發(fā)生什么事,你都不要開門。
(2) “what + ever”還可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)名詞性從句,而“no matter + what”則不可以。例如:
Take whatever you want.你要什么就拿什么吧。
不能說:Take no matter what you want.
6.What do you think of it? (P46) 你認(rèn)為它怎么樣?
“What do you think of...?”意為“你覺得……怎樣?”,“你認(rèn)為……如何?”,與“How do you like...?”同義。例如:
What do you think of my singing? 你覺得我的歌唱得怎么樣?
What do you think of the story? (= How do you like the story?) 你覺得這個(gè)故事怎么樣?
7.Be sure to see this exhibition at the Lido Galery.(P48) 一定要去看看在利多舉辦的畫展。
本句為be sure to do sth句式,意為“務(wù)必要去干某事”。例如:
Be sure to come tomorrow.你明天一定要來。
be sure 還能出現(xiàn)在“be sure about/of...”,“be sure to do sth”和“be sure + 從句”之中:
(1) be sure about/of意為“確信對……有把握”,表示對客觀事物有肯定的認(rèn)識和判斷,主語必須是人。例如:
As David joined our team,we are sure of winning the game this time.由于大衛(wèi)加盟我們的球隊(duì),我們這次一定會取勝。
He was not too sure about the grammar.他在語法方面沒有很大把握。
(2) be sure to意為“一定”,“肯定”,表示局外人的推測、評論。主語不一定是人。例如:
Its sure to rain tomorrow.明天天一定會下雨。
You are sure to understand much more than before.你一定比以前懂得更多了。
試比較下面兩句:
He is sure to live to ninety.他肯定可以活到九十歲。
He is sure of living to ninety.他自信可以活到九十歲。
(3) be sure后面接that從句時(shí),意為“認(rèn)為……一定會”,主語必須是人,連詞that可以省略。be sure后面還可以接由whether或where,when,who等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。例如:
I am sure hell tell you a lot about China.我相信他會告訴你許多有關(guān)中國的事情。
Im not sure where I left my notebook.我不能確定我把筆記本丟在什么地方了。
8.They dont interest me as much.(P48) 它們同樣喚不起我的興趣。
(1) interest用作及物動詞時(shí),表示“使……發(fā)生興趣、引起……注意”。例如:
The story does not interest me.這故事引不起我的興趣。
He tried to interest me in buying the house.他想說服我買這所房屋。
(2) as much在句中表示“同樣地、同等程度地”。例如:
That is as much as saying I am a liar.那是在說我撒謊了。
They finished the task as much without any help.在沒有任何幫助的情況下,他們同樣完成了任務(wù)。
9.There are many great photos of people and of the countryside.(P48) 有許多人物和鄉(xiāng)村的巨幅照片。
句中“photos of people and of the countryside”說的是照片上有人,有鄉(xiāng)村。下面這些詞語雖然都以photo和picture為中心詞,但其含義是不相同的。Li Mings photo指照片屬李明所有,但照片上的人不一定是李明;a photo of Li Ming指照片上的人就是李明;a photo of Li Mings指李明存放的照片中的一張。也就是說,photos of people與a photo of Li Ming屬同一個(gè)類型。
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年9期