Ｕｎｉｔｓ１８－２０詞語(yǔ)辨析

王　芳

1. be similar to, be similar in

be similar to意為“與……相似”；be similar in意為“在哪方面相似”。

a. Your views on education ____ mine.

b. Our cars ____ only ____ color.

c. We have similar opinions. My opinions ____ hers.

答案：a. are similar to b. are similar…in c. are similar to。

2. allow, allow for

allow意為“允許，容許”，常用于allow doing sth. (允許做某事)和allow sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。allow還有“給予(時(shí)間、金錢(qián))；同意給予”的意思，后接雙賓語(yǔ)。allow for意為“顧及，考慮到”。

a. You cant make it in an hour; you must ____ the heavy traffic.

b. We dont ____ making noise here, so you must keep quiet.

c. This journey usually takes 3 weeks, but you should ____ delays caused by bad weather.

d. The nurse ____ him to stay in hospital for another two days.

e. He ____ his wife $200 a month for clothes.

答案：a. allow for b. allow c. allow for d. allowed e. allowed

3. be tired of, be tired with/from

be tired of意為“對(duì)……感到討厭，厭倦”；be tired with/from意為“因……而疲乏”。

a. John ____ the city life.

b. I ____ boiled eggs.

c. He ____ hard work.

答案：a. has been tired of b. am tired of c. is tired from/with。

4. refuse, reject

refuse和reject都有“拒絕”的意思，兩者都是指某種原因一直不能接受或不肯做而“拒絕”。refuse后可接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而reject后只能接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。另外，還有“拋棄，丟掉”的意思。

a. It was hard for me ____ my beliefs.

b. He ____ the invitation from Tom.

c. He ____ to believe what I said.

d. She ____ my suggestion.

答案：a. to reject b. refused c. refused d. rejected。

5. break away from, break down, break into, break off, break up

break away from意為“擺脫；脫離”；break down意為“(指機(jī)器等)出毛??；壞掉”；break into意為“破門(mén)而入；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入”；break off意為“中斷說(shuō)話；折斷；斷絕”；break up意為“破碎；瓦解；變?nèi)?；放?暑)假”。

a. He ____ under the strain.

b. He ____ relations with Alice.

c. Please dont ____ what we are saying.

d. The car ____ on the road.

e. Can you ____ your old habits?

f. His house ____ last night.

g. When do you ____?

答案：a. broke up b. broke off c. break off d. broke down e. break away from f. was broken into g. break up。

6. tiresome, tiring, tired

這三個(gè)詞都是形容詞。tiresome與tiring均可表示“使人疲勞的”、“令人討厭的”，兩者一般可互換。tired意為“(人)感到疲勞的”、“(人)感到厭煩的”。

a. It has been a ____ climb.

b. Are you ____?

c. The lecture lasted no less than four hours and everyone was ____.

d. This is a ____ argument.

答案：a. tiring b. tired c. tired d. tiresome/tiring。

7. be in love with, fall in love with

be in love with sb.意為“與某人戀愛(ài)、相愛(ài)、愛(ài)上”，表狀態(tài)，但fall in love with sb.表動(dòng)作，即因受強(qiáng)烈吸引而“一見(jiàn)鐘情”，不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

a. I ____ her at the first sight.

b. Tom ____ madly ____ Mary.

c. They ____ each other for 5 years.

答案：a. fell in love with b. is…in love with c. have been in love with。

8. sit與seat

sit為不及物動(dòng)詞，而seat是及物動(dòng)詞，常用于be seated和seat oneself兩種形式。seat的過(guò)去分詞seated在句中可作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)，seat還可作“容納”解。seat還可作名詞，意為“座位”，take/have a seat為“請(qǐng)坐下”；take ones seat為“在自己的座位上坐下”。

a. Please take your ____.

b. I found him ____ on the bench.

c. The cinema can ____ 1000 people.

d. The classroom has ____ for fifty.

e. He ____ himself near the side of the river.

f. Mary ____ at the desk.=Mary ____ at the desk.=Mary ____ herself at the desk.

答案：a. seat b. seated/sitting c. seat d. seats e. seated f. sat, was seated, seated。

9. after all, above all, first of all, in all

after all有兩個(gè)含義：1)“要知道，別忘了”，用來(lái)引出聽(tīng)話的人似乎忘記了的某個(gè)重要論點(diǎn)或理由，通常位于句首；2)“雖然……，但畢竟……”，表示說(shuō)話人意思的轉(zhuǎn)折。表示這個(gè)意思時(shí)，after all一般位于句末。above all意為“首先，最重要的是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性。first of all意為“首先”，強(qiáng)調(diào)順序。in all意為“總共”。

a. There are ten teachers ____ in the office.

b. I know he hasnt finished, but ____, he is very busy.

c. He said he would not come in, but he came in ____.

d. ____ tell us your name.

e. Children need many things, but ____ they need love.

答案：a. in all b. after all c. after all d. First of all e. above all。

10. demand, request, require, order, ask

demand表示堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持要做某事。request意為“懇求，請(qǐng)求”，指通過(guò)正式手續(xù)提出的要求，口氣和緩，態(tài)度禮貌。require表示按照法規(guī)、權(quán)利提出的要求或命令，指客觀需要含缺此不可之意。order意為“命令，要求”，主要用于上級(jí)命令下級(jí)或醫(yī)生囑咐病人等。ask意為“要求”，感情色彩不濃，用于一般場(chǎng)合。

a. What you ____ is important.

b. The doctor ____ him to stay in bed for a couple of days.

c. The situation ____ that I should be there.

d. The workers are ____ better pay.

e. All I ____ of you was that you came early.

答案：a. ask b. ordered c. requires d. demanding e. requested。

11. worth, worthy

worth作“價(jià)值”解,其后通常跟名詞(指用于錢(qián)數(shù)或相當(dāng)于“代價(jià)”的比喻性名詞)；作“值得”解,其后接動(dòng)名詞，其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義?！昂苤档谩币脀ell修飾worth。worthy除作“值得”外還有“配得上、相稱的”等意思。它既可作定語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟of接名詞或動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式；worthy后還可接動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。

a. The watch is ____ of being bought.=The watch is ____ to be bought.=The watch is ____ buying.

b. The place is ____ of a visit.

c. This picture is ____ at least 500 dollars.

d. This TV play is well ____ watching.

答案：a. worthy, worthy, worth b. worthy c. worth d. worth。

12. far, distant, remote

這組詞都有“遙遠(yuǎn)”的意思。far用來(lái)表示實(shí)際距離的遠(yuǎn)和時(shí)間的遙遠(yuǎn)，還可用于引申意義的遠(yuǎn)；distant指時(shí)間、空間上的遙遠(yuǎn)，也可指親屬關(guān)系上的遠(yuǎn)房的，常用作比喻義；remote指時(shí)間或距離上是遙遠(yuǎn)的，也指在感情、興趣等方面距離很大的，還指關(guān)系方面疏遠(yuǎn)的或淡薄的。

a. There was a palace in the ____ past.

b. He is a ____ uncle of mine.

c. My school is ____ from the town.

d. Some of your statements are rather ____ from the subject we are discussing.

e. My hometown is ____ from sea.

f. I long to travel to a ____ place.

g. We had a ____ view of Mt. Everest.

h. The moon is ____ from the earth.

答案：a. remote b. distant c. far d. remote e. remote f. farg. distant h. distant。

13. cloth, clothes, clothing

cloth指做衣服用的材料(布料、毛料、絲綢等)，是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指“具體用途的布”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，包括外套、西裝、襯衣、褲子、裙、鞋、帽等，不指單件衣服。它既不能用作單數(shù)，也不能和表示具體數(shù)目的數(shù)詞連用，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。可說(shuō)many (these, a few) clothes。clothing是衣服、服裝的總稱，為集合名詞，只有單數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。一件衣服為an article/a piece of clothing。

a. All of her ____ were made by her mother.

b. One by one he took out the books and wiped them with a ____.

c. Our ____ protects us from the cold.

d. How much ____ does it take to make a coat for the child?

e. These ____ are new.

f. A coat is an article of ____.

答案：a. clothes b. cloth c. clothing d. cloth e. clothes f. clothing。

14. difference, distinction

difference意為“差異、差別”，可指事物本質(zhì)上的差別或數(shù)量上的差額；也指在某一方面的差異，與介詞in連用；還可指人與人之間的不同意見(jiàn)與不和。distinction意為“區(qū)別，界限”，指事物之間的界限；也指事物在本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別；還指在某一方面、細(xì)節(jié)上的區(qū)別，與介詞of連用；有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)要在認(rèn)真研究、觀察后才能覺(jué)察。

a. They settled their ____.

b. He lacked ____ in the choice of friends.

c. They immediately detected the ____ in quality.

答案：a. differences b. distinction c. difference。

15. amount, number, quantity

amount意為“總數(shù)，總額”，通常用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞或不必記數(shù)的事物，暗示不是一個(gè)一個(gè)事物的計(jì)算。number意為“數(shù)，數(shù)額”，用于具體的、可數(shù)的人或事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分或單個(gè)。quantity指事物的總數(shù)量，本身就有準(zhǔn)確計(jì)量的意思，在科技文體中尤為多見(jiàn)，常與具體的可數(shù)名詞連用，也可與物質(zhì)名詞連用，但很少用于人。The number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；numbers of和quantities of表示“大量的”的意思。

a. Without ____ there can be no quality.

b. The ____ of the students in our class is 55.

c. Youd better figure out the exact ____.

d. We doubled the ____ of the cars last year.

e. Any ____, great or small, will be appreciated.

f. Please count the ____ of people present.

g. There are ____ of people at the station.

答案：a. quantity b. number c. amount d. quantity e. amountf. number g. numbers/quantities。

16. be familiar with, be familiar to

be familiar with意為“對(duì)……熟悉”，主語(yǔ)為表示人的名詞或代詞，with的賓語(yǔ)可以是人或物的名詞或代詞; be familiar to意為“為……所熟知”，主語(yǔ)為物，to的賓語(yǔ)為人。

a. His face ____ me.

b. I ____ his face.

c. The Bible is the book that ____ every Englishman.

d. These are the poems that every student ____.

答案：a. is familiar to b. am familiar with c. is familiar tod. is familiar with。