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      例析形容詞的誤用

      2008-05-31 10:02:54
      關(guān)鍵詞:代詞定語形容詞

      王 丹

      中考英語試題常涉及到形容詞的用法?,F(xiàn)結(jié)合實(shí)例,將使用形容詞時容易出錯的地方加以歸納,希望能對同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

      錯誤之一: V-ing 形容詞和V-ed形容詞的混用

      1. 你聽到這個激動人心的消息沒有?

      誤: Have you heard of the excited news?

      正: Have you heard of the exciting news?

      2. 我對這個故事感到吃驚。

      誤: I am surprising at the story.

      正: I am surprised at the story.

      析: V-ing形容詞意為“令人……的”,指事物對人的影響; V-ed形容詞意為“(人)感到……的”,指人對事物的感受,主語一般是人,常用于“sb + be + V-ed形容詞 + 介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例1中形容詞所修飾的是news。 news不能自己感到“激動(excited)”,卻可以“令人激動(exciting)”; 例2中的主語是人,所以應(yīng)將surprising改為surprised。

      [知識歸納] 初中階段學(xué)到的類似形容詞還有interesting/interested,pleasing/pleased,frightening/frightened,moving/moved,tiring/tired,boring/bored,amazing/amazed等。

      錯誤之二:兩個比較對象不能相比

      3. 上海的人口比北京的人口多。

      誤: The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.

      正: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

      4. 昆明的天氣比沈陽的好。

      誤: The weather in Kunming is nicer than Shenyang.

      正: The weather in Kunming is nicer than that of Shenyang.

      析: 例3中,上海的人口不能和北京這個城市相比。例4中,昆明的天氣只能和沈陽的天氣相比,不能和沈陽這個城市相比。所以than后面應(yīng)加上替代詞that,才能進(jìn)行比較。

      錯誤之三:同一范圍內(nèi)比較對象相互重復(fù)

      5. 他比班里其他同學(xué)來得都早。

      誤: He comes earlier than any student in our class.

      正: He comes earlier than any other student in our class.

      6. 中國比非洲任何國家都大。

      誤: China is bigger than any other country in Africa.

      正: China is bigger than any country in Africa.

      析: 在同一范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較時,比較的雙方應(yīng)該界限分明,不能包括自身在內(nèi)。例5中應(yīng)在any后加other,目的就是要把“He”排除在外。但在不同范圍內(nèi)對人或同一性質(zhì)的事物進(jìn)行比較時,則不用other。 例6中,由于中國屬于亞洲,而被比較者卻是另一范圍內(nèi)的國家,因此必須去掉any后面的other。

      錯誤之四:形容詞修飾不定代詞時的位置錯誤

      7. 今天的報紙你最好別看,因為上面沒有什么特別的東西。

      誤: Youd better not read todays newspaper because there is special nothing in it.

      正: Youd better not read todays newspaper because there is nothing special in it.

      8. 約翰,請到這兒來。我有重要的事情告訴你。

      誤: John,come here. I have important something to tell you.

      正: John,come here. I have something important to tell you.

      析: 形容詞修飾something,everything,anything和nothing不定代詞等時,應(yīng)位于其后,即作后置定語。故例7中的special nothing應(yīng)改為nothing special; 例8中的important something應(yīng)改為something important。

      錯誤之五:形容詞最高級前定冠詞the的誤用

      9. 他是我們最好的老師。

      誤: He is our the best teacher.

      正: He is our best teacher.

      析: 形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格作定語修飾時,最高級前面可以不加the。

      錯誤之六:作表語用的形容詞誤作定語

      10. 他是個孤獨(dú)的人。

      誤: He is an alone man.

      正: He is alone.

      析: 一般情況下形容詞既可以作定語,又能作表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語,但是以“a-”開頭的形容詞在句中只能作表語。

      [知識歸納] 有類似用法的形容詞還有:alike,afraid,alive,awake,asleep等。

      練一練:

      1. You may be____ if you have a____ problem.

      A. exciting; excitedB. excited; exciting

      C. worrying; worriedD. worried; worrying

      2. —You look____ today,Julia!

      —Yeah,Ive got an MP3. Its a birthday present from my parents.

      A. sad B. worried C. happy D. tried

      3. Marys____ brother is a doctor. He is kind to every patient.

      A. the eldest B. old C. eldest D. the elder

      4. —Where would you like to go on vacation?

      —Id love to go____ .

      A. somewhere relaxingB. anywhere relaxed

      C. somewhere relaxedD. anywhere relaxing

      5. —What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?

      —Im not sure. But Ill buy her____ .

      A. special anythingB. anything special

      C. special somethingD. something special

      6. —Are you afraid of____ at home,Linda?

      —No,Ive grown up.

      A. alone B. being alone

      C. lonely D. being lonely

      7. —Johns dog died last week. That made him very____ .

      —Poor boy! He love it very much.

      A. sad B. pleased C. easy D. interesting

      8. Shanghai is bigger than____ in Australia.

      A. any city B. any cities

      C. any other city D. any other cities

      9. The man looked at me with a____ smile.

      A. friend B. friends C. friendly D. friendlily

      10. The boy was so attracted by the computer games that he forgot____ .

      A. nothing elseB. anything else

      C. something elseD. everything else

      Key: 1-5 DCCAD 6-10 BAACB

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