易混詞語與中考零距離

許振鐸

Hello， boys and girls!易混詞語在歷屆各地中考試題中比比皆是，屢見不鮮，為幫助初三同學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)，做好迎接中考的準(zhǔn)備，這里選錄了近年來全國部分有關(guān)中考試題加以例析。

一、how long/how far/how soon/how often

[詞語辨析]

1）how long對(duì)表示時(shí)間持續(xù)的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行提問； 2）how far對(duì)表示距離有多遠(yuǎn)提問； 3）how soon對(duì)表示“要過多久以后”“要到什么時(shí)候”等意義的時(shí)間狀語進(jìn)行提問； 4）how often對(duì)表示頻度（即頻率的次數(shù)）的副詞或詞組提問。

［中考真題］

1. ——____ do you watch TV?(浙江衢州市)

——Sometimes.

A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How long

2. ——____ do you live from your school?

——About ten minutes walk. (濟(jì)寧市)

A. How many B. How long C. How far D. How soon

3. ——____ have you been away from your hometown?

——For about 13 years. (沈陽市)

A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often

4. ——I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi and Ive been

waiting for it. ____ will it start?（德州市）

——Well, take it easy. In two days.

A． How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far

[答案]1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A

二、win/beat

[詞語辨析]

這兩個(gè)詞均可表示在比賽中“贏，獲勝”，但其用法有別：1)win的賓語為表示比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)品等的名詞；2）beat則指戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手，賓語為某隊(duì)或某人。

［中考真題］

1. Our team ____ theirs by the score 2:1 in the final football team.(大連市)

A. won B. hit C. beat D. failed

2. ——What did you think of the football match yesterday?

——Well, its surprising. The strongest team of our school ____. (安徽省)

A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed

3. One of the ____ (獲勝者) is my cousin. He is a pride of our school. (寧波市)

[答案]1.C2.A3.winners

三、when/while/as

[詞語辨析]

這三個(gè)詞均含“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”的意思，但用法不盡相同：1）when的含義最廣，泛指某時(shí)時(shí)可與as/while替換;也可特指某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，這時(shí)不可用as/while替換。when還可作并列連詞用，譯成“這時(shí)、突然”。2）while/as均強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，前者持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，后者較短，一般都要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。3）as還可作“因?yàn)椤苯猓龑?dǎo)原因狀語從句。

［中考真題］

1. We are thirsty. I would like a bottle of orange, ____ my brother would like some cold water. (重慶市)

A. when B. as C. while D. since

2. He was riding to school ____ he was hit by a car this morning. (南京市)

A. while B. when C. as D. so

3. Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Chailes De Gaulle Airport ____ the whole roof(屋頂) fell down.

(上海市)

A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after

[答案]1.C 2.B 3.C

四、used to /be(get) used to

[詞語辨析]

1）used to后接動(dòng)詞原形，指的是過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，目的在于與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)照。2)get used to后接v-ing形式，表示“習(xí)慣做某事”，也可接名詞、代詞，表示“適應(yīng)……”。另一種形式為be used to,表示狀態(tài)。

［中考真題］

1. He is a lazy boy. He ____ sleeping late in the morning.(甘肅省)

A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. is using to

2. Dont worry. Youll get used to ____ here soon. (金華市)

A. live B. living C. will live D. lived

3. Dennis ____ really quiet, but he is very outgoing. (呼和浩特市)

A. used to be B. was used to be

C. is used to be D. used to being

4. ——My aunt goes to climb Mount Gu every Sunday. (福州市)

——Oh? But she ____ hate climbing mountains.

A. used to B. use to C. uses to D. is used to

[答案]1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A

五、turn on/turn off/turn up/turn down

[詞語辨析]

1）turn on意為“打開（電燈、電視機(jī)、收音機(jī)、水龍頭、煤氣等）”；2）turn off與turn on正好相反；3）turn up意為“把（電燈、電視機(jī)、收音機(jī)、水龍頭、煤氣等的亮度、流量）調(diào)高、開大一點(diǎn)”；4)turn down與turn up相反。

［中考真題］

1. Its getting dark. Please ____ the light. (河北省)

A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up

2. Im reading now. Please tell him ____ the TV a bit.(陜西省)

A. turn up B. turn off C. to turn down D. to turn on

3. I have to go now. Please remember to ____ the lights when you

leave. (天津市)

A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on

4. The radio is too noisy. Please ____.(貴州省)

A. turn it down B. turn it on C. turn down it D. turn on it

［答案］1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A

六、tired/tiring

[詞語辨析]

1)tired 意思是“疲勞的”，有被動(dòng)或已完成的含義，指使某人疲勞，主語為人或其他有生命的東西；2）tiring意為“令人疲勞的”，有主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的含義，一般指事物本身使人累，主語通常為物。

［中考真題］

If you are very ____(疲勞), youll fall asleep in no time. (南通市)

［答案］tired

七、much too/too much

[詞語辨析]

1）在too much的搭配中，too作much的修飾語，表示超越了much的正常程度；2） 在much too的搭配中，much修飾too,加強(qiáng)too的程度，much too仍保留副詞too的語法特點(diǎn)。

［中考真題］

1. ——Do you enjoy travelling by plane?

——No, its ____ expensive. (西安市)

A. much more B. more much C. too much D. much too

2. I dont like winter because its ____ cold. (遼寧?。?/p>

A. too much B. much too C. for more D. much more

[答案]1.D2.B

八、spend/take/cost/pay

[詞語辨析]

1)spend“花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢”，主語通常是人。它用于sb. spend time(in)doing sth.或sb. spend money on sth.兩種句型中。2）take“花費(fèi)時(shí)間”。它常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.句型。3）cost指“花費(fèi)金錢”，句中主語是表示事物的詞語，其后常接雙賓語，用于sth. cost sb. money句型。 4）pay指“花費(fèi)金錢”，句子主語是人，常用于sb. pay money for sth.句型。

[中考真題］

1. ——What a nice MP3! Is it yours?(哈爾濱市)

——Of course. I ____ 300 yuan on it.

A. cost B. spent C. paid

2. Dont worry. It wont ____ you too much time to fly from Hankou

to Guangzhou.(海南省)

A. take B. cost C. spend D. use

3. Gary:When you go shopping, do you usually ____ with your credit

card?(山東省)

Tony: No, I dont have a credit card.

A. use B. pay C. spend D. waste

4. I bought a new dictionary and it ____ me 30 yuan. (天津市)

A. paid B. spend C. took D. cost

[答案]1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D

九、sound/noise/voice

[詞語辨析]

這三個(gè)詞均與“聲音”有關(guān)，注意區(qū)別：1）sound泛指自然界的聲音，如人聲、鳥聲、風(fēng)聲、水聲等。2）noise指噪音。嘈雜聲等對(duì)人體有害的聲音，為不可數(shù)名詞。3）voice指人的嗓音，說話聲，是可數(shù)名詞。

［中考真題］

1. Let the children go away. Theyre making too much ____ here.

(沈陽市)

A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds

2. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the ____ of the running water.(天津市)

A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound

3. ——How well she sings!

——Yes, she has a very sweet ____. (鄭州市)

A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth

[答案]1.A 2.D 3.A

十、real/true

[詞語辨析]

1）real是形容詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在的“真實(shí)，實(shí)在”，不是想象的，其副詞是really；

2）true作形容詞時(shí)，意為“真的，真正的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)與實(shí)際相符，不是杜撰的，它與come構(gòu)成固定短語come true，意思是“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，它與false相對(duì)，可用來修飾名詞。其副詞形式為truly。

［中考真題］

1. It is ____ nice of you to say so. (天津市)

A. truly B. true C. really D. real

2. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher ____.

(河北省)

A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real

[答案]1.C 2.A

十一、quiet/quite

[詞語辨析]

1）quiet是形容詞，意為“安靜的，平靜的”，常用來修飾名詞，其副詞形式為quietly,常用來修飾動(dòng)詞。2）quite是副詞，是“非常、十分”的意思，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。

［中考真題］

1. We should keep ____ in the reading-room.(天津市)

A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly

2. ——Would you please join us?

——Sorry, Im not ____. (內(nèi)蒙古)

A. good a quite player B. quite a good player

C. a quite good player D. quite good a player

[答案]1.A 2.B

十二、question/problem

[詞語辨析]

這兩個(gè)詞均表示“問題”，但用法不同：1）question多指人們主觀上產(chǎn)生疑惑不解而提出需要解決或回答的問題，常作ask, answer的賓語； 2）problem常指客觀上存在需要解決或決定的問題，尤指需要?jiǎng)幽X筋解決的疑難、困難問題或麻煩事，常作think about, solve, work on, work out的賓語。

［中考真題］

The ____ now is that we have lots of ____ to ask. (天津市)

A. problem; questions B. question; problems

C. question; problem D. problem; question

[答案]A

十三、no longer/no more

[詞語辨析]

這兩個(gè)短語均表示“不再”，但含義不同：1)no longer指時(shí)間上“不再”延續(xù)，多與表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；2）no more多指次數(shù)上“不再”增加，不再發(fā)生，“再也不……”，相當(dāng)于never again,多與瞬間動(dòng)詞連用，修飾具體動(dòng)作。

［中考真題］

Jane doesnt go to work by bus any longer. (改為同義句) (山東省)

Jane ____ ____ ____ to work by bus.

［答案］no longer goes

十四、maybe/may be

[詞語辨析]

1)maybe是副詞，意為“可能、也許、大概”，在句中作狀語，通常位于句首，也可放在行為動(dòng)詞前。2）may be是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，譯成“可能是、也許是”。

［中考真題］

1. She ____ knows the answer, but Im not sure.(湖南省)

A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must

2. ——Wheres Lucy?

——Im not sure. She ____ in the school library. (山西省)

A. maybe B. must be C. may be D. will be

[答案]1.A 2.C

十五、look/see/watch/read

[詞語辨析]

這四個(gè)詞均與“看”有關(guān)，但用法有別：1）look強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作，指“認(rèn)真看”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，在強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物時(shí)，其后必須接介詞at。2）see是及物動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重于“看”的結(jié)果，表示“看見、看到”。3）watch作動(dòng)詞，表示“觀看、注視”，多指觀看運(yùn)動(dòng)著的事物，如電視、比賽、表演等。4）read指“閱讀，朗讀”，在漢語中譯成“看”，多指“看書、報(bào)、雜志”等。

［中考真題］

1. Tom was ____ TV at 10:00 yesterday evening.(貴州省)

A. looking B. seeing C. reading D. watching

2. ——Did you ____ this novel last night?

——Yes, its terrific! I like it very much! (福建省)

A. watch B. look C. see D. read

[答案]1.D 2.D