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    2007年高考試題中It用法考點解析

    2008-05-13 05:07:48朱廣春
    中學(xué)英語之友·高一版 2008年4期
    關(guān)鍵詞:單數(shù)同類謂語

    朱廣春

    it用法一直是高考考查的熱點之一,現(xiàn)就2007年高考試題,對此用法考點作逐一解析如下:

    一、考查it作形式主語和形式賓語

    1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV. (全國II)

    A. One B. This C. It D. That

    解析:答案為C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是it作形式主語,watching myself on TV作真正主語的句型。one, this, that都不能在句中作形式主語。

    2. ____ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.(山東)

    A. This B. That C. What D. It

    解析:答案為D。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是it作形式主語,the way he keeps changing his mind作真正主語的句型。this, that, what都不能在句中作形式主語。

    3. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(天津)

    A. this B. that C. it D. these

    解析:答案為C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是it作形式賓語,when and where the meeting would be held作真正賓語的句型。this, that, these都不能在句中作形式賓語。

    TIPS:

    (1)一般來說,當it作形式賓語,其后常接形容詞、少數(shù)名詞作賓語補足語。能夠后接it作形式賓語的通常是表示“認為”的謂語動詞,如:think,consider, feel, find以及make(使)等。

    (2)在謂語動詞appreciate, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, love, prefer, see to(保證), think of, depend on等詞或詞組后也可接it作形式賓語,指代if,when或that從句所包含的內(nèi)容。

    ①Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the

    computer.(06山東)

    A. that B. it C. this D. you

    ②I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04河南)

    A. this B. that C. it D. one

    ③Ill see to ____ that there are enough tickets for you.

    A. one B. that C. it D. this

    [參考答案]①B ②C ③C

    (3)使用it作形式賓語的常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+think(consider, feel,find, make)+it(形式賓語)+形容詞或名詞(賓補)+不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性從句(真正賓語)。

    ①I think it a duty for us to help others in trouble.

    我認為幫助處于困境中的人是我們的一種職責。

    ②They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.

    他們想要使公眾明白,他們做的是一項重要且必要的工作。

    二、考查it強調(diào)句型

    1. I dont mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I

    object to.(江西)

    A. it B. that C. this D. which

    解析:答案為A。這是it強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)賓語從句“how she does it”,將原句還原后為“I object to how she does it”。

    2. It ____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.(浙江)

    A. was until; when B. was until; that

    C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that

    解析:答案為D。這是it強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)的是時間狀語從句“not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks”,將原句還原后為“I didnt find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks”。題意為“直到呆在一起若干星期后,才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們之間有這么多的相似點”。

    3. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance.

    (重慶)

    A. which B. it C. that D. this

    解析:答案為C。這是it強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)的是主語從句“not who is right but what is right”,將原句還原后為“Not who is right but what is right is of importance”。

    TIPS:

    (1)判斷是it強調(diào)句型還是定語從句的方法是:去掉“It is(was)…that”后,若全句語法、語意仍然完整,即可斷定為強調(diào)句型,否則,可當定語從句來處理。

    (2)強調(diào)句型中的it無詞義,但絕不可用this, that代替。

    (3)is/was(不可用are/were代替)由原句的謂語時態(tài)來決定,現(xiàn)在時與將來時用is,過去時用was。

    (4)強調(diào)主語時,原句謂語應(yīng)與強調(diào)的主語在人稱、數(shù)上保持不變。

    (5)被強調(diào)的對象為人時,可用that/who(若強調(diào)的對象人作賓語,也可用whom)。其他情況一律用that。

    (6)對人稱代詞強調(diào)時,應(yīng)保持人稱代詞格不變。

    (7)強調(diào)句型的陳述式為It is/was+被強調(diào)的成分+that/who+原句的其他成分。

    (8)強調(diào)句型的一般疑問式為Is/Was it+被強調(diào)的成分+that/who+原句的其他成分?

    (9)強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問式為疑問詞+is/was it that/who+原句的其他成分?

    三、考查it時間句型中狀語從句連詞的選用

    1. ——He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

    ——When was ____?

    ——____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.(浙江)

    A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It

    解析:答案為D。由第二空得知此處考查的是It+be+時間+when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,it用來表示時間,故排除A、C;又因為兩人敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以要用that來表示,this常用于表示下文要提到的事。

    2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.(江西)

    A. when B. before C. since D. that

    解析:答案為B?!癐t+be+一段時間+before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句”肯定式意為“多久以后才……”;否定式意為“沒過多久就……”。本句句意為“他被告知至少在三個多月后他才能康復(fù)并重新工作”。

    3. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again.(安徽)

    A. after B. before C. since D. when

    解析:答案為B?!癐t+be+一段時間+before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句”肯定式意為“多久以后才……”;否定式意為“沒過多久就……”。本句句意為“很長時間以后我們才能再次見面”。

    TIPS:

    (1)“It+be+一段時間+before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句”肯定式意為“多久以后才……”;否定式意為“沒過多久就……”。

    (2)“It+be+時間+when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句”中it指時間,一般具體時間前無介詞,主從句謂語時態(tài)一致,意為“當某事發(fā)生時,時間是……”。

    ——Did Jack come back early last night?

    ——Yes, it was not yet eight oclock ____ he arrived home.(05福建)

    A. before B. when C. that D. until

    (3)“It+be+一段時間+since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句”since從句謂語時態(tài)必須是一般過去時或過去完成時,若since與延續(xù)性動詞連用,則意為“某人不做某事已多久了”;若since與短暫性動詞連用,則意為“某人做某事已多久了”。

    That was really a splendid evening. Its years ____ I enjoyed myself

    so much.(05安徽)

    A. when B. that C. before D. since

    四、考查it與one、that的區(qū)別

    1. ——Have you heard the latest news?

    ——No, what ____?(全國I)

    A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those

    解析:答案為A。news為不可數(shù)名詞,it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,特指前面提到的“同類同物”。

    2. In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ____.(安徽)

    A. that used to be B. it is used to

    C. it was used to D. it used to be

    解析:答案為D。it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,特指前面提到的“同類同物”;that常用來替代帶定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,構(gòu)成that of…的形式,表示“同類異物”;used to be 表示“過去曾經(jīng)是”;be used to則表示“習慣于”。

    3. Little joy can equal ____ of a surprising ending when you read

    stories.(四川)

    A. that B. those C. any D. some

    解析:答案為A。that 常用來替代帶定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,構(gòu)成that of…的形式,表示“同類異物”。此句中that=the joy。句意為:沒有什么比得上讀到一個出人意料的故事結(jié)尾更快樂的事。

    4. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.(遼寧)

    A. it B. those C. one D. that

    解析:答案為D。it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,特指前面提到的“同類同物”;one一般用來替代帶不定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞,表示“同類異物”,泛指同一類中的一個;that 常用來替代帶定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示“同類異物”。the one=that;the ones=those, that不能指代人的概念,而those既可以替代人也可以替代物。此處that替代the information。

    5. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?

    ——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.(陜西)

    A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it

    解析:答案為A。it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,特指前面提到的“同類同物”,第一空與a copy of the book指同一物,用it;one一般用來替代帶不定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞,表示“同類異物”,泛指同一類中的一個,第二空符合此點,則用one。

    演練PK臺:

    1. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (06浙江)

    A. As B. That C. This D. It

    2. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look

    after all the other peoples affairs in that town.(06湖南)

    A. this B. that C. one D. it

    3. If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.(06全國I)

    A. so B. that C. it D. them

    4. It was after he got what he had desired ____ he realized it was not so important. (06遼寧)

    A. that B. when C. since D. as

    5. It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(05山東)

    A. when B. until C. since D. before

    6. I prefer a flat in Inverness to ____ in Perth, because I want to live near my moms.(05天津)

    A. one B. that C. it D. this

    7. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.(01 全國)

    A. they B. it C. one D. which

    8. It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.(05天津)

    A. that B. what C. which D. this

    9. ——____ that he managed to get the information?

    ——Oh, a friend of his helped him. (05山東)

    A. Where was it B. What was it

    C. How was it D. Why was it

    10. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ____ I'm talking to. (04廣東)

    A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

    Key(3)

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