定語從句常見考點歸納及分類正誤辨析

尹繼友

Ⅰ. 常見考點歸納

一、 疑問句中考查定語從句

1. Is this the farm _____you visited last week?

A. where B. the one

C. on which D. /

【解析】 答案是D。 命題人經(jīng)常利用疑問句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾學(xué)生的正確選擇。遇到這類定語從句時，最好的辦法是先把疑問句還原成陳述句，然后判斷誰是先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，最后確定正確答案。

二、 倒裝句中考查定語從句

2. We came to a place,_____ stood a big tower.

A. which B. that C. / D. where

【解析】 正確答案是D。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語序。倒裝的使用使定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對于使用倒裝語序的定語從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語序還原成正常語序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比較清晰了。

三、 拆分詞組和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use______the body makes of food.

A. of which B. where C. to do D. that

4. Why cant you realize the part_____ they have played in our life?

A. which B. on which C. when D. where

【解析】 答案分別是D和A。一些詞組和搭配被拆開后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類定語從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of, play a part (in)。

四、 添加插入語或狀語

5. The scientist has made another discovery,_____ I believe is of great importance.

A. that B. / C. which_____D. why

【解析】 應(yīng)選擇C。這類句子主要利用插入語或狀語的添加來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語有： I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時，最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語或狀語，這樣句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

五、 插入非謂語動詞

6. Is this the man_____ you want to have_____ the radio for me?

A. who; repaired B. that; repaired

C. whom; repairing D. that; repair

【解析】D項正確。非謂語動詞是英語中難度較大的語法項目之一，因而在定語從句中加入非謂語動詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。對付這類題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如：我們可以把幾個句子中的定語從句進行還原，還原后的句子應(yīng)是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

小試牛刀：

1. Was it in the shop_____ sold childrens clothing that you lost your wallet?

A. / B. where C. that D. when

2. Thank you for the difficulty_____ you have had painting the house.

A. when B. / C. why D. where

3. Is there anyone around the factory_____knows how to operate the computer?

A. who B. which C. where D. in which

4. The managers discussed the plan_____they would like to see_____ the next year.

A. that; carried out B. who; carried out

C. which; carry out D. that; carrying out

5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth_____ she had made_____with lots of spots.

A. which; cover B. that; covered

C. /; covering D. where; covering

6. Lincoln,_____ life was once hard, were elected President of American.

A. for whom B. whoC. to whom D. /

Keys: 1. C2. B3. A4. A5. B6. A

Ⅱ. 定語從句分類正誤例析

一、 成分重復(fù)類

【誤】 The factory where we worked there last year was built in 1968.

【正】 The factory where we worked last year was built in 1968.

【析】 別忘記定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從句中必定充當(dāng)某一成分。誤句中的關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作狀語用，意味：“在那工廠”，再用there就重復(fù)狀語了，必須刪去。又例如：Who is the man ( that ) you talked to him just now?應(yīng)改為Who is the man that you talked to just now? (that在從句中作賓語用，意味“那個人”。him是多余的。)

一、 關(guān)系詞錯用類

【誤】 This is the right bookstore where we are looking for.

【正】 This is the right bookstore which we are looking for.

【析】 要弄清各個關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。誤句中的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)指bookstore, 在從句中作look for的賓語，而where在從句中只能作狀語，因而是錯誤的。故關(guān)系副詞where應(yīng)改為關(guān)系代詞which。又:例如：This is the boy whom was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday.應(yīng)改為This is the boy who was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday. (關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語用，應(yīng)把whom改為who 。)

二、 主謂矛盾類

【誤】 Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Xiao Hong?

【正】 Can you show me the book which has been translated into English by Xiao Hong?

【析】 在定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞為主語時，從句的謂語動詞必須與先行詞相一致，而不是與主句的主語相一致。應(yīng)將have been translated改為has been translated。

三、 缺關(guān)系代詞類

【誤】 The man is giving a report in our school is a scientist.

【正】 The man who is giving a report in our school is a scientist.

【析】 犯這類錯誤有兩個原因：一是受漢語的影響，把英語和漢語結(jié)構(gòu)等同起來；二是沒有弄清關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語用時不能省略。應(yīng)把作主語的關(guān)系代詞who補起來。

四、 漏掉介詞類

【誤】 The woman whom I went to the concert is a singer.

【正】 The woman whom I went to the concert with is a singer.

【析】 該句的漢語意思是：“和我一起去參加音樂會的那個婦女是位歌唱家。”根據(jù)句義，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞whom應(yīng)作介詞with的賓語用。如果漏掉介詞with，則關(guān)系代詞whom就無處可放，也無法解釋了。這是中學(xué)生常犯的錯誤，必須引起高度重視。又例如：The man whom I talked to you lives upstairs.應(yīng)改為The man whom I talked to you about lives upstairs. (whom作about的賓語用， 故about不能漏掉。)

五、 詞語錯位類

【誤】 The room in that she lives is a large one.

【正】 The room that she lives in is a large one.

【析】 在定語從句中，介詞不能置于關(guān)系代詞that 之前。當(dāng)介詞放在從句后面時，that可以用，也可以省略。例如：This is the questionthat we have had so much discussion about. 注意，含有介詞的短語動詞一般不可拆開。不能說The book for which he is looking was given by my brother.而應(yīng)說: The book which he is looking for was given by my brother.當(dāng)然，在一般情況下，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which和whom作介詞的賓語時，介詞是可以置于which和whom之前的。例如：Do you know the comrade to whom she was talking? The tool with which he is working is called a saw.

【即時練習(xí)】

一、 選擇正確的答案

1. Well never forget the days_____ we spent together last year.

A. when B. that C. how D. on which

2. The high yellow building over there,_____was set up last year, is our office building.

A. it B. that C. where D. which

3. It is the best TV play_____Ive seen.

A. that B. which C. since D. and

4. I often hear from my sister,_____works as an engineer.

A. that B. who C. he D. whom

5. Last month I visited the house_____Iused to live in my twenties.

A. which B. who C. in that D. where

6. The day_____ I was to start arrived at last.

A. that B. which

C. on which D. in that

7. The old woman has two sons,_____are teachers.

A. two of whom B. both of whom

C. all of them D. neither of them

8. Is that the reason_____you dont agree with them?

A. what B. which C. why D. that

9. Air,_____we breathe every day, is necessary to life.

A. / B. which C. what D. that

10. I,_____your friend,will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. that is

C. who am D. who are

11. Li Ying is one of the girls_____to college in the village.

A. who goes B. who go

C. which went D. that goes

12. He is the only one of the boys of his class who_____the piano well.

A. plays B. play

C. playing D. are playing

13. Those_____not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who

C. that learns D. who learn

14. Is this the factory_____you visited the other day?

A. in which B. which

C. where D. the one

15. He must be from Africa,_____can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as C. it D. what

參考答案：

1. B。that指代the days,在從句中作動詞spent的賓語。

2. D。which指代the high yellow building,在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。

3. A。that指代the TV play,在從句中作賓語，且先行詞中含有最高級，不能用which。

4. B。who指代my sister,在從句中作主語，且本題是非限定性定語從句(因為書寫有逗號，that不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。

5. D。where指代the house,在從句中作狀語(live是不及物動詞)。

6. C。on which相當(dāng)于when,表時間，作狀語。

7. B。本題是非限定性定語從句(書寫有逗號)，故C、D錯誤，A應(yīng)改為the two of whom，故B正確。

8. C。why相當(dāng)于for the reason，在從句中作狀語。

9. B。which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，指代air，在從句中作動詞“breathe”的賓語。

10. C。that不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，who指代I,謂語動詞應(yīng)用am。

11. B。who指代the girls,在從句中作主語，如果one of ... 結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)閠he (only) one of ... 應(yīng)改A。

12. A。先行詞是the only one是單數(shù)，故選A。若去掉the only則選B。

13. D。who指代those,在從句中作主語，謂語動詞是learn。

14. B。解題技巧：先將句子轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述句語序。This is the factory_____you visit the other day. which指代the factory,在從句中作動詞visit的賓語。

15. B。as是關(guān)系代詞，代替前面整個主句，意為“這，這一點”，在從句中作主語。