被動語態(tài)與中考
2007-04-12 00:00:00李俊森
初中生世界·八年級 2007年6期
英語中的句子有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞的承受者。
試比較：The students clean the classroom every day.學(xué)生們每天打掃教室。
The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打掃。
被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞為“be+動詞過去分詞”，不同的時態(tài)通過be動詞的形式變化表示，其變化如下表（以play為例）：
考點(diǎn)：
（1）被動語態(tài)表示“被、由”用介詞by，但注意：be covered with 被……覆蓋; be filled with 裝滿…… ; be known to 為……所知道
These mountains are covered with snow all the year round.那些山上終年積雪。
The children’s stockings are filled with presents on Christmas Eve.圣誕前夜孩子們的長統(tǒng)襪里裝滿了禮物。
The Great Wall is known to the people all over the world.長城為全世界的人所知道。
（2）在被動語態(tài)中，幫助構(gòu)成及物動詞短語的介詞或副詞不能少
The old are taken good care of in our country.在我們國家老人得到很好的照料。
(3)不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，有些表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有cost(花費(fèi))，fit(適合)，have（占有），hold(容納)，last(持續(xù))，own(擁有)，belong to(屬于)。
We have friends all over the world.我們的朋友遍天下。
Taiwan island belongs to China.臺灣屬于中國。
(4)make， see， hear在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，其后的補(bǔ)足語要加上to.
The boss made the workers work twelve hours every day.老板讓工人們每天工作12個小時。
The workers were made to work twelve hours every day.工人們每天被迫工作12個小時。
It is said that Lily has gone to Hong Kong.
Lily is said to have gone to Hong Kong.
據(jù)說莉莉到香港去了。
(6)要求跟雙賓語的動詞在被動語態(tài)中，主語可以是謂語動詞的間接賓語（指人），也可以是直接賓語（指物），但如是物則要求在間接賓語前加介詞to/for。如：
We have been given much help.
Much help has been given to us.我們已被給予很多幫助。
(7)用主動語態(tài)表示被動含義：
①感官動詞feel/taste/look/smell/sound/等用作連系動詞;
This material feels very soft.這個材料感覺柔軟。
②lock/open/read/sell/wash/write等表示事物的性質(zhì)、材料的質(zhì)地時;
The door of my bedroom locks easily.我臥室的門容易鎖上。
This pen doesn’t write well.這支鋼筆不好寫。
③need， be worth， deserve 等后用v-ing表示被動;
This book is worth reading.這本書值得讀。
This pair of trousers needs repairing.這條褲子需要補(bǔ)。
④動詞不定式主動表示被動。
There are twenty more trees to plant.還有20棵樹要栽。
This question is hard to answer.這個問題難回答。
中考真題演練：
1.It is said that potato chips _____ by mistake about a hundred years ago.
(2006北京)
A.inventB.inventedC.are inventedD.were invented
2.—Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours?
—Yes. It _____ by Nancy Jackson. （2006 南京）
A.has designedB.designedC.was designedD.designs
3.Teenagers should _____ to choose their own clothes.（2006 吉林）
A.allowB.to allowC.be allowedD.allowed
4.The window _____ ten minutes ago， and the room is bright now.
(2006 陜西)
A.can be cleanedB.is cleaned
C.was cleaned D.will be cleaned
5.—What’s wrong with you， Sandy? You look so worried.（2006 長沙）
—My pet cat _____ by a car this afternoon. And it is in hospital now.
A. is hitB. was hitC. hit
6.The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year.
（2006 江西）
A.finishesB. will finishC. is finishedD.will be finished
7.—Look. What a nice garden！—Yes. It _____ every day！ （2006 蘭州）
A.has been cleaned B.is cleaned C.is being cleanedD.was cleaned
8.The 2008 Olympics will _____ in Beijing.（2006 寧夏）
A.holdB.heldC.be heldD.being held
9.Children _____ to keep away from the medicine for their safety.
（2006 廣東肇慶）
A.are toldB.tellC.are telling
10.—What a clean classroom！ —It _____ every day?。?006 福建寧德）
A.is sweepingB.has sweptC.is sweptD.was swept
Keys: 1～5：DCCCB6～10：DBCAC
