“輔仁校訊”中的啟功

一代國學(xué)大師、我們輔仁大學(xué)校友會名譽會長啟功先生駕鶴西去，這使我想起了《輔仁校友通訊》中他留下的諸多痕跡，如見其人，猶聞其聲，不勝感慨!我想摘落其中有關(guān)啟功先生的一些事跡，以紀(jì)念這位為我國的書畫、歷史、教育等諸多學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域付出了畢生精力的故人。

校訊題名和致辭祝賀

《輔仁校友通訊》是原輔仁大學(xué)校友和現(xiàn)北京師范大學(xué)的一批校友于上世紀(jì)80年代籌辦起來的，其中有熱心人士王光美、史樹青、王光英等。啟功先生曾于1933年在輔仁大學(xué)附中教國文兩年，后在輔仁大學(xué)美術(shù)系作助教兩年，繼而他成為輔大的講師、副教授。1952年院系調(diào)整，啟功成為北師大的副教授、教授，授中國文學(xué)史、唐宋詞、書法等課程。

《輔仁校友通訊》建立后，啟功先生親為校訊題名，并為輔仁大學(xué)校友通訊親筆題詞：“樹人始計英叟斂之，成其偉業(yè)，新會吾師，士有未仁，友以輔之，凡我校友念茲在茲?！边@個題詞載于1986年6月20日出版的校訊第6期。

這一期校訊的封底，還以“語言文學(xué)、書畫家、文物鑒賞家、北京師范大學(xué)教授啟功校友”名義，刊載了啟功的書法繪畫和篆刻作品選，其中有1982年“時年七十”的《書曲阜觀碑》舊作一首：“千年妙出東都，緯紛陳義略殊，足慰墻金辟在，蠶頭燕尾任模糊”；一幅云遮霧障、煙嵐彌漫的山水畫，題款有“羊毫生紙畫難論，的的山頭墨幾痕，與元暉目一誚，煙云蒙懂樹無根”；另有“元白”、“啟功”、“閭里書師”和“元白辭翰”四枚篆刻作品。

從這一期封面、封底所登載的作品可以看出，啟功先生對這一份校訊的鐘愛，也可看出他對輔仁大學(xué)的無限深情。俱往矣，睹物思人，一代俊賢悄然西去，能不惆悵?!

縱論臺靜農(nóng)書藝

撿拾不完整的《輔仁校友通訊》數(shù)冊，發(fā)表啟功先生的文章有《讀〈靜農(nóng)書藝錄〉》(附臺靜農(nóng)的《我與書藝》)、《上大學(xué)》《循循然善誘人的陳垣先生》等數(shù)文。

《讀〈靜農(nóng)書藝錄〉》一文，不僅是對摯友的一篇絕好回憶文章，也是一篇對書法藝術(shù)的精彩論文。啟功在文中回憶他21周歲初出茅廬還是一個幼稚的青年，到輔仁大學(xué)附中教初中一年的國文就認(rèn)識了臺靜農(nóng)先生，可說是“平生風(fēng)義兼師長”，臺靜老長他10歲，“對我這個小弟弟，既關(guān)懷又鼓勵。回憶當(dāng)時歲月中，有多少一生受用不盡的箴規(guī)、鼓舞，得知多少為學(xué)的門徑。”直到“四人幫”被粉碎后，他忽然由友人帶來《靜農(nóng)書藝集》一大本，拿到手后，高興得幾乎跳起來，“因為這不止是片紙書疏，其中具有篆隸草正各體具備的書法、屏聯(lián)扇網(wǎng)長短具備的格式，更重要的是從這些作品中看到書者的精神面貌一一躍然紙上?！?/p>

啟功在文中對臺靜農(nóng)的書藝贊賞備至，稱贊其“老而彌堅，意境又高了一層”、“從西漢的陽泉熏壚到新嘉善、石門頌，看出他對漢隸的愛好路子。再看形是漢隸的形，下筆之際卻不是俯首臨摹的，而各有自己的氣派。……靜老的作品，是石門頌，卻不是李隅清的石門頌；是隸書，卻不是鄧(石如)伊(秉綬)、何(紹基)的隸書。誰知從來沒有疾言厲色的臺先生，而有這等虎虎生氣的字跡?！倍鴮ε_靜農(nóng)的行書，他贊曰“靜老的字，一行之內(nèi)、幾行之間，信手而往，浩浩蕩蕩。到了酣適之處，直不知是倪(元璐)是臺?！?/p>

回報師恩設(shè)立教育基金

啟功念念不忘他的老師陳垣的師恩，有人評價說他們的師生情“勝過父子”。他曾在校訊上撰文《循循然善誘人的陳垣先生》，對老師的諄諄誘導(dǎo)、嚴(yán)格的治學(xué)精神和精密的邏輯、一絲不茍的文風(fēng)都有詳盡的敘述。啟功說，老師常把自己的學(xué)習(xí)心得形象地傳授給我們：“老師常說，一篇論文或?qū)Ｖ?，寫完了不要忙著發(fā)表。好比剛蒸出的饅頭，須把熱氣放完了才能去吃；這時候蒸得透不透、熟不熟，才能知道。還常說，作品要給三類人看：一是水平高于自己的人，二是和自己平行的人，三是不及自己的人。因為這可以從不同角度得到反映，以便修改?！庇幸淮危o仁大學(xué)一位教授在抗戰(zhàn)后出任北平某一局長，要從輔仁的教師中找?guī)褪?，讓他管一個科室，啟功對此事征求陳垣老師的意見，老師哈哈大笑地回答他：“學(xué)校送給你的是聘書，你是教師，是賓客；衙門發(fā)給你的是委任狀，你是屬員，是官吏?！眴⒐α⒓疵靼祝?dāng)即婉言辭謝。

啟功受陳垣老師的教導(dǎo)近40年，恩誼之深無法用語言表達(dá)。因此在陳老師逝世后，他除撰文紀(jì)念外，還籌劃一筆獎學(xué)助學(xué)基金定時贈給學(xué)習(xí)、研究成績卓著的學(xué)生、教師，藉以綿延陳老師的教澤，為祖國的科學(xué)文教培養(yǎng)更多的人才，他把這一點看作回報師恩。對于獎學(xué)基金，啟功還作了詳細(xì)的計劃，他從1988年動議至1990年冬，已積累了自己的書法作品100件、畫作10件并捐資一萬元裝裱費在香港義賣，共得港幣2202763元，折合美元287440.4元存入銀行。此外，又在校內(nèi)出售他的書畫作品得款13萬元，還在榮寶齋出售畫作得款15萬元，這些款項校方提議將這筆錢用來建一個啟功藝術(shù)館，還提出建一個基金會，基金會可用他個人的名義，但他婉言拒絕；他執(zhí)意把這些資金全部用作“勵耘獎助學(xué)基金”(勵耘為陳垣先生的書齋名)，其高尚的品格、無私的精神受到原輔仁大學(xué)及北京師范大學(xué)教員、學(xué)生們的贊賞，一時傳為美談。

道德文章有口皆碑

在輔仁校訊上，還有許多啟功先生的同輩學(xué)者、朋友撰文贊揚他的道德文章及人品、學(xué)品。特別是劉乃和的《啟功的道德文章》、張中行的《啟功先生》等文，一經(jīng)發(fā)表便廣為流傳，這使輔仁和北師大的校友更加深了對啟功先生人品藝品的理解和由衷的贊嘆。

劉文說：“啟功作為書法家、畫家、詩人、詞人和文史專家外，他一生都作教師，教學(xué)深入淺出，內(nèi)容豐富多彩，語言生動，極富感染力，同學(xué)們愛聽；講文學(xué)史覆蓋面廣，講來左右逢源而又不失主流與中心；講書法更是縱橫捭闔，有理論、有源流，又有實際書寫示范，同學(xué)聽得十分出神；講詩詞能以簡馭繁，聲調(diào)韻律、歷代詩選他都能背誦如流，聲調(diào)抑揚，他的講課本身就成為一首無韻的詩，聽他講課真是很高的文學(xué)藝術(shù)享受?！?/p>

著名學(xué)者張中行先生的《啟功先生》一文，更是詼諧生動。張說他幾次想寫啟功先生，但總是遲遲沒有動筆，他對啟功說：“您這塊石頭太重，我苦于扛不動?！睆埼倪€說：“我寫啟功先生有優(yōu)勢，我們已經(jīng)往來40余年，就說只是寫點皮毛吧，但皮是真皮，毛也不假，寫出來給想了解名人的人看看，也不無意義吧!”

張中行還對啟功先生成為書畫鑒定名家作了獨特的分析，他寫道：“這方面成為名家，也許比善書善畫更難，至少是同樣不容易……啟功先生幾乎所有的名作名畫都見過，又有慧心慧眼，加上自己又能書能畫，所以他成了這方面的一流專家?！?/p>

哲人已逝，不勝唏噓。為了追思啟功先生高尚的人品藝德，分享他留給世人的寶貴精神財富，我在沉浸于悲痛的日子里，重新翻閱了多本《輔仁校友通訊》，思緒萬千，故擷取其中片斷與《文化交流》讀者共饗。

Memories of Master Qigong

By Gui Tingfang

Master Qigong passed away on June 30， 2005. A master of Chinese culture， he was honorary president of the alumni association of Fu Jen Catholic University. The volumes of Fu Jen Alumni Messages remind me of his contributions.

Qigong and many other alumni took the initiative in the 1980s to edit and publish the Fu Jen Alumni Messages. Qigong began to teach at the middle school affiliated to Fu Jen Catholic University in 1933 and then taught as an assistant at the Fine Arts Department of the university for two years before he became a lecturer and associate professor there. In 1952 the Fu Jen Catholic University changed its name to Beijing Normal University. Qigong was an associate professor and professor at the university， teaching the History of Chinese Literature， Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties， Calligraphy and other courses.

The master wrote the name for the Alumni Messages. The 6th Alumni Messages， dated June 20th 1986， published Qigong's inscription for the publication and on its back cover were a poem， a landscape painting， and four engraved seals all by Qigong. From all this， one could easily see how Qigong loved the university where he grew up as a national cultural giant.

The Alumni Messages also published many of his writings in which Qigong reminisced about his teachers and friends. Qigong wrote a long memoir about his teacher and friend Tai Jingnong. When he was teaching Chinese at the attached middle school of the Fu Jen Catholic University， Qigong made acquaintances with Tai， who was 10 years his senior. Qigong said in the memoir that Tai inspired him with a lot of tips about calligraphy during that time. After the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)， Qigong was pleasantly surprised to receive an album of Tai's calligraphic artworks.Qigong understood his teacher/friend's achievement in calligraphy. So he analyzed Tai's styles in the second part of his memoir.

Chen Yuan was Qigong's teacher for nearly 40 years. Someone observed that Chen and Qigong were like father and son. Qigong wrote a long memoir about Chen and it was in the Alumni Messages. When Chen passed away， Qigong put together part of his own calligraphic works and paintings and auctioned them off in Hong Kong. The auction brought Qigong US$287，440. Qigong also sold his artworks on the campus and at Rongbaozhai， a renowned antique art shop in Beijing for 280，000 yuan. He then put the money together and set up a Chen Yuan Scholarship for students at the university.

The Alumni Messages has also published some memoirs written by Qigong's peers and friends. Liu Naihe and Zhang Zhongxing's writings in memory of Qigong are reprinted many times.

Liu talked about Qigong's virtue as a fine teacher. Liu said， \"As a calligrapher， painter， poet and expert of literary history， Qigong spent all his life in classrooms. He was able to explain profound things in a simple way. The way he taught was very popular with students. He resorted to descriptive， impressive and vivid language. When he gave lectures on the literary history， he quoted copiously from a wide range of resources but still stayed in the mainstream. His lectures on calligraphy and its history were full of theories， sources of different schools and styles， and his demonstrations， which charmed his students. When he gave lectures on ancient poetry， he recited them fluently with a pleasant cadence.\"

Zhang Zhongxing knew Qigong for more than 40 years. He said in his memoir that he had wanted to write about the master several times， but hadn't written a word. \"He is too heavy a stone for me to carry，\" he joked. \"Since I have known him for over 40 years， I can write at least skin-deep about Qigong. Though skin-deep， it's real skin and it's real Qigong. Those interested in Qigong will find my skin-deep description interesting.\" Zhang stopped joking when analyzing Qigong's achievements in appraising ancient paintings and calligraphy. \"It would be difficult to be an accomplished appraiser than an accomplished calligrapher. Qigong saw almost all ancient paintings. He has wisdom and he has an eye for such things and he himself is an accomplished artist. That's why he is an accomplished appraiser.\"

(Translated by David)